Mediterranean Gull

A mainly migratory gull breeding around the Black Sea and at scattered sites elsewhere in Europe, where its breeding range has expanded. Non-breeding birds occur along Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. Movements differ between breeding populations, and ringing records reveal connections between inland breeding sites and coastal wintering areas.

A non-breeding visitor, particularly associated with the winter period and coastal sites such as Salina Nature Reserve. BirdLife Malta tracking has documented journeys between Malta and Sicily and onward movements to Greece and Turkey, illustrating connections between Malta and the eastern Mediterranean. These tracks represent individual birds rather than a single route followed by the whole population.

Breeds colonially in coastal lagoons, marshes and on islands in inland waters. Outside the breeding season it uses coastal feeding and resting sites, often gathering with other gulls.

Globally classified as Least Concern and listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. Conservation priorities include protecting breeding wetlands and undisturbed feeding and roosting areas. Continued colour-ring reporting and tracking can help identify the sites and connections important to birds using Malta.