Larus michahellis
Gawwija Prima
Adult Yellow-legged Gull at breeding colony, photo by ©Nicholas Galea 2026
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Yellow-legged Gulls at Salina Nature Reserve, photo by ©Alex Casha 2024
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Yellow-legged Gull nest with eggs, photo by ©Raymond Galea 2021
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Yellow-legged Gull chick, photo by ©Raymond Galea 2021
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1st year Yellow-legged Gull at Salina Nature Reserve, photo by ©Mario V. Gauci 2026
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Sub-adult Yellow-legged Gull at Salina Nature Reserve, photo by ©Mario V. Gauci 2026
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Overall info

A large and adaptable gull distributed mainly around the Mediterranean basin, with populations also occurring along the Atlantic coasts of southern Europe and northwest Africa. The species is a partial migrant: many adults remain near their breeding areas, while juveniles and immature birds may disperse widely after the breeding season (BirdLife International, 2024).

In Malta, Yellow-legged Gulls breed mainly on offshore islands and coastal cliffs, with Filfla supporting the largest colony and St Paul’s Islands another important breeding site (Sultana et al., 2011; Crymble et al., 2020). The species occurs throughout the year, with local breeders joined by migrants and winter visitors from elsewhere in the Mediterranean. Most readings of colour-ringed birds take place at Salina Nature Reserve, helping to reveal their origins, movements and seasonal distribution (BirdLife Malta Ringing Scheme Ringing Reports).

Large numbers regularly gather at fish farms and at the Magħtab landfill, suggesting that artificial food sources may strongly influence their abundance and distribution. However, the origin and breeding status of these birds are not always known. Recent tracking projects are beginning to clarify movements between breeding colonies, feeding areas and roosting sites. Changes in waste management, aquaculture and fisheries practices may therefore affect the population, while disturbance at accessible colonies and predation on other seabirds remain conservation concerns.

Seasonality

Ringing Statistics

  • Species Euring Code: 5926
  • Individuals Ringed by MLV 1965-2025: 2961
  • Total Recoveries: 34
  • Malta ringed birds recovered abroad: 26
  • Foreign ringed birds recovered Malta: 8
  • Maximum Distance: 2,139 km
  • Maximum Time Elapsed: 5,041 days
  • Recovery Circumstances:

Map of Recoveries & Telemetry

Projects

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The Yellow-legged Gull is one of Malta's most familiar seabirds, yet surprisingly little is known about the species in particular its movements. Over the past years BirdLife Malta became increasingly concerned at the number of sick, weak gulls being recovered from different places in the Maltese Islands. Most of these...

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The Tracking Mediterranean Gulls and Yellow-legged Gulls project was developed by BirdLife Malta to improve our understanding of the movements and ecology of two gull species closely associated with the Maltese Islands and in particular Salina Nature Reserve. For the Mediterranean Gull, the project focused on birds wintering at Salina...

Tracked Individuals

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